Coupling Matrix Synthesis of Nonreciprocal Lossless Two-Port Networks Using Gyrators and Inverters

A coupling matrix technique is presented for the synthesis of nonreciprocal lossless two-port networks. This technique introduces complex inverters to build the nonreciprocal transversal network corresponding to the nonreciprocal coupling matrix. It subsequently transforms this matrix into canonical topologies through complex similarity transformations. The complex inverters in the final topology are transformed into real inverters and gyrators for implementation simplicity. A second-order network example and a fourth-order network example, as well as an experimental validation, are then provided to illustrate the proposed technique. Finally, other possible implementations of the nonreciprocal gyrators are discussed.