Key result
High whole grain intake (highest vs lowest quintile) was associated with a 13% lower risk of ischemic CVD (95% CI 3-23%; p-trend=0.002), without modification by dyslipidemia genetic risk.
Cohort (n=26,445)
No
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BACKGROUND: It is still unclear whether carbohydrate consumption is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Genetic susceptibility might modify the associations between dietary intakes and disease risk. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to examine the association between the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods (vegetables, fruits and berries, juice, potatoes, whole grains, refined grains, cookies and cakes, sugar and sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages) and the risk of incident ischemic CVD (iCVD; coronary events and ischemic stroke), and whether these associations differ depending on genetic susceptibility to dyslipidemia. METHODS: Among 26,445 individuals (44-74 years; 62% females) from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort, 2,921 experienced an iCVD event during a mean follow-up time of 14 years. At baseline, dietary data were collected using a modified diet history method, and clinical risk factors were measured in 4,535 subjects. We combined 80 validated genetic variants associated with triglycerides and HDL-C or LDL-C, into genetic risk scores and examined the interactions between dietary intakes and genetic risk scores on the incidence of iCVD. RESULTS: Subjects in the highest intake quintile for whole grains had a 13% (95% CI: 3-23%; p-trend: 0.002) lower risk for iCVD compared to the lowest quintile. A higher consumption of foods rich in added sugar (sugar and sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages) had a significant cross-sectional association with higher triglyceride concentrations and lower HDL-C concentrations. A stronger positive association between a high consumption of sugar and sweets on iCVD risk was observed among those with low genetic risk score for triglycerides (p-interaction=0.05). CONCLUSION: In this prospective cohort study that examined food sources of carbohydrates, individuals with a high consumption of whole grains had a decreased risk of iCVD. No convincing evidence of an interaction between genetic susceptibility for dyslipidemia, measured as genetic risk scores of dyslipidemia-associated variants, and the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods on iCVD risk was observed.
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Sonestedt et al. (2015) conducted a cohort in Incident ischemic cardiovascular disease (coronary events and ischemic stroke) (n=26,445). Consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods (specifically highest quintile of whole grain intake) and genetic susceptibility to dyslipidemia vs. Lowest intake quintile of carbohydrate-rich foods / whole grains was evaluated on Incident ischemic cardiovascular disease (coronary events and ischemic stroke) (13% lower risk, 95% CI 3-23%, p=0.002 (p-trend)). High whole grain intake (highest vs lowest quintile) was associated with a 13% lower risk of ischemic CVD (95% CI 3-23%; p-trend=0.002), without modification by dyslipidemia genetic risk.
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