Mimics of Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infections and their Management

Musculoskeletal infections in pediatric and adolescent populations pose challenges due to heightened pathogen virulence and emerging antimicrobial resistance. Prompt diagnosis is hindered by conditions mimicking these infections, necessitating multidisciplinary approaches. Recent advancements in diagnostics facilitate accurate differentiation. Common mimickers include cellulitis, neoplasms, hematological disorders, inflammatory conditions and stress fractures. Overlapping symptoms demand thorough history-taking and clinical assessment. Laboratory investigations, including CRP and procalcitonin, aid diagnosis, alongside imaging modalities like MRI. Management involves collaborative efforts, emphasizing early recognition, antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention as needed. Adherence to guidelines and vigilant monitoring optimize outcomes and mitigate risks. This article describes the common mimickers of MSK infection in children and the approach to reaching a correct diagnosis by thorough history taking, clinical examination, relevant laboratory investigations, and appropriate radiological investigations.