We have studied the thermodynamics of a fluid of parallel cylinders which interact both through volume exclusion and through a longer-range quadrupolar interaction between point quadrupoles placed at the centres of the cylinders. The volume exclusion is treated using the Onsager approximation, and the long-range part of the potential is treated in mean field theory. At sufficiently high densities there is a low temperature (or equivalently, high quadrupole) smectic-C phase.
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Poniewierski et al. (1991) studied this question.
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