In this letter, sinusoidally modulated impedance surfaces composed of hexagonal unit cells are used for the implementation of the leaky-wave antennas with frequency scanability in the band of 13-18 GHz. The antenna bandwidth has been studied from two view points-first, from the aspect of the impedance-matching bandwidth and second, from the aspect of the bandwidth scanning of the antenna. In order to improve the performance of the impedance bandwidth, an SIW launcher with a wideband transition is used. In order to improve the frequency-scan capability, a one-dimensional hologram is used. Also the launcher is located at a corner to cancel the destructive effect of the backward radiation. The impedance surface is designed to produce a beam tilt at the angle of 60° at 18 GHz, namely the upper limit of the frequency band. The achieved characteristics of the proposed antenna are 32% bandwidth and angular scan of 22°-60°. A prototype model of the antenna is fabricated and tested as the proof of the concept.
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Oraizi et al. (2018) studied this question.
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