Charlotte Kipling, Winifred E. Frost, A Study of the Mortality, Population Numbers, Year Class Strengths, Production and Food Consumption of Pike, Esox lucius L., in Windermere from 1944 to 1962, Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Feb., 1970), pp. 115-157
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Kipling et al. (1970) studied this question.