Ion Migration and the Role of Preconditioning Cycles in the Stabilization of the J–V Characteristics of Inverted Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Charge extracting layers play a key role in the elimination of hysteresis from J–V characteristics of inverted hybrid perovskite solar cells. Methanofullerene electron extracting layers stabilize short-circuit photocurrents from the very first J–V scan, while preconditioning cycles are needed to stabilize the open-circuit voltage owing to interaction between migrating iodide ions and the charge extraction layer.