Gastric cancer (GC) continues to pose a major health issue worldwide, and diagnoses made at advanced stages frequently result in unfavorable outcomes. The metastatic spread of GC presents substantial therapeutic challenges, necessitating a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interactions with cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and have been identified as key factors in the metastasis of GC. This review explores the biogenesis and functional mechanisms of miRNAs, highlighting their dual roles as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in GC metastasis. We discuss specific miRNAs that facilitate metastatic progression by influencing key pathways related to invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Furthermore, we examine the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, offering insights into their utility in timely identification and tailored therapeutic approaches. By elucidating the complex regulatory networks involving miRNAs, this review underscores their significance as both therapeutic targets and biomarkers in the management of gastric cancer.
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Touchaei et al. (2025) studied this question.