A Review on Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy

advancements.In an effort to present a perspective on sex and gender and the response to immunotherapy within this subject, we will summarize the understanding of the immunological mechanisms influenced by sex.Additionally, we will analyze the available literature based on different types of immunotherapies, incorporating epidemiological data, experimental discoveries, clinical observations, and therapeutic outcomes [5].Unfortunately, at times, the outcome may involve simply listing contradictory published information, while other instances may involve engaging in speculative discussions.By considering the existing knowledge, our objective is to encourage further research as a crucial step towards enhancing the development of personalized and patientcentered care in cancer immunotherapy. Immune Responses to Sex, Gender, and AgeDistinct immune systems are possessed by males and females, which are influenced by various factors.These factors encompass genetic mediators like sex chromosomes (X, Y), hormonal mediators such as estradiol, progesterone, and androgens, environmental mediators like the microbiome, social behaviors associated with sex (e.g., smoking and alcohol consumption), and age.In females, mosaicism results from the random inactivation of one X chromosome in each cell, leading to genetic heterogeneity and the advantages it brings.This inactivation aids in balancing the expression of X-linked genes, although some genes are exempted from this process.It is conceivable that harboring mutations in tumor suppressor genes on one allele while retaining two functional copies could serve as a protective mechanism [6,7].In comparison to