This review summarizes the methods, health risks, and detection strategies associated with blood doping in sports.
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Alerts clinicians to athlete health risks from blood doping; leaves open needs for updated detection validation in evolving methods.
Blood doping has been defined as the misuse of substances or certain techniques to optimize oxygen delivery to muscles with the aim to increase performance in sports activities. It includes blood transfusion, administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or blood substitutes, and gene manipulations. The main reasons for the widespread use of blood doping include: its availability for athletes (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and blood transfusions), its efficiency in improving performance, and its difficult detection. This article reviews and discusses the blood doping substances and methods used for in sports, the adverse effects related to this practice, and current strategies for its detection.
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Oliveira et al. (2014) studied this question.
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