ChikDenMaZika Syndrome: the challenge of diagnosing arboviral infections in the midst of concurrent epidemics

Arthropod-borne viruses are becoming and increasing threat worldwide, especially in the New World, which has recently witnessed an unprecedented outburst of Arboviral outbreaks [1–4], such as the recent and ongoing chikungunya (CHIKV) [1] and Zika (ZIKV) [2] epidemics throughout the Pacific and the Americas. These emerging viral infections are largely due to a number of factors such as climate change [5–7], ever-increasing trends towards urbanization and growing travel and commercial exchange activities [8–12]; which have led to a spillover of these pathogens from their naturally occurring sylvatic niches and reservoirs into susceptible urban settings and newly unexposed geographic areas [13–16].