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DESPITE a three-fold difference in mean ground pressure, changes in soil density and porosity caused by an unloaded, rubber-tired log skidder did not exceed those caused by a crawler. The changes in soil density and porosity caused by these machines increased with soil moisture content. Soil density and porosity change proportionally with the square root of the number of passes over the same area.
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Burger et al. (1985) studied this question.
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