Improving Regulation Service Based on Adaptive Load Frequency Control in LMP Energy Market

In a new environment of energy deregulation, the locational marginal price (LMP) basis is overwhelming congestion management issues. But it still requires proper ancillary services to serve the system. Load frequency control (LFC) is needed to maintain the system frequency in the dynamic environment. In this letter, an efficient LFC approach with the critical load level (CLL)-based adaptive participation factor is proposed for an LMP-based market. The CLL is considered when the load varies from the generation set point. The proposed approach could enhance the LFC performance in securely following up the aggressive change of energy demand. The PJM 5-bus system is used to illustrate the proposed LFC.