Diagnostics of Celiac disease: comprehensible solutions to a complex problem

The prevalence of the celiac disease (CeD) is increasing worldwide, which is not only due to the modern capabilities of the latest laboratory and instrumental technologies but rather with a true rise in incidence. Despite recent advances in endoscopic imaging and serological tests, the accurate diagnosis of CeD remains challenging. Since the majority of patients are “asymptomatic” from the gastrointestinal aspects they come to medical attention because of other reasons than CeD and a large number of CeD passes undiagnosed. This fact highlights the need for improved strategies in the future for the optimal detection of patients and use of clear algorithms for diagnosing CeD. The review describes the global experience in diagnosing CeD and provides «step-by-step» recommendations to help specialists in medicine not only in cases with the usual classical manifestations of CeD, but also in complex clinical variants of this disease or for patients already following a gluten-free diet.