Ondine's Curse in Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism Linked to Chromosome 17 Caused by MAPT Variants

Background “Ondine's curse” or central hypoventilation, induces an apparently spontaneous failure of automatic respiratory drive, henceforth necessitating a conscious effort to breathe and sleep induced hypoventilation. It is typically seen in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, but may be acquired. Objectives To highlight Ondine's curse as part of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17) secondary to microtubule associated protein tau ( MAPT ) variants. Methods We describe the clinical and neuropathological findings in two patients with fatal Ondine's curse associated with FTDP‐17 and secondary to MAPT variants (FTDP‐17t). We discuss neuroanatomical correlates. We review two prior reports of central hypoventilation associated with MAPT variants suggesting that Ondine's curse occurs uncommonly in FTDP‐17t. Results Despite variants affecting different regions of MAPT and a degree of heterogeneity in pathological findings, the patients reviewed all experienced central hypoventilation during their disease course. Conclusion Tauopathy should be considered in patients with adult‐onset Ondine's curse.