Multi-Level Governance, Policy Coordination and Subnational Responses to COVID-19: Comparing China and the US

The study adopted the multi-level governance theory for a comparative analysis of how the structure and modes of policy coordination shaped subnational policy responses to COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China, and New York State, USA. It was found that both countries showed a hybrid form of vertical and horizontal coordination in COVID-19 responses despite different political systems. Hubei depended more on vertical steering and horizontal support whereas New York took the primary coordinating role while a nationwide strategy was missing. Contingent upon each country’s political legacy, effective multi-level governance in crisis responses should balance national leadership with local autonomy and societal engagement.