Evidence of ?-aminobutyric acidergic control over the catecholaminergic projection from the medulla oblongata to the central nucleus of the amygdala

It is known that the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) project to the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce), conveying visceral information. Conversely, the Ce sends projections to the NTS and the VLM. To understand better the role of catecholamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in these reciprocal connections, experiments were performed by combining lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) anterograde and retrograde transport with preembedding immunocytochemistry to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and postembedding immunocytochemistry to detect GABA. The light microscopic study suggested that the majority of neurons in the NTS and the VLM projecting to the Ce were TH immunoreactive (TH-IR). Most of them were located at the level of the obex. Under the electron microscope, the GABAergic and non-GABAergic terminals were found to form synaptic contacts with the TH-(IR) or Ce-projecting or TH-IR/Ce-projecting double-labelled neurons of the NTS and VLM. The GABAergic terminals mostly formed symmetrical synaptic contacts with the postsynaptic structure in which perikarya (14-19%), dendrites (79-84%), and spines (2%) were observed. Approximately 94% of the axon terminals in the NTS and 90% of those in the VLM arising from the Ce were GABAergic and appeared not to form synaptic contacts with the TH-IR or Ce-projecting neurons in these regions. The present results demonstrated that the catecholaminergic neurons of the NTS and VLM projecting to the Ce receive an extensive GABAergic innervation and that the amygdala projection to the medulla is mostly GABAergic.