Calculation of general three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers

A finite-differe nce calculation method is described for three-dimensional boundary layers in which the flow depends on all three space variables. The method employs the k-e turbulence mode! and is applied to the following three flow situations: boundary layer on a flat plate approaching a circular cylinder mounted on the plate, boundary layer beneath the leading-edge vortex on a delta wing, and bounday layer on the upper surface of a curved duct with both zero and adverse longitudinal pressure gradients. The calculated skin friction, momentum thickness, shape factor, wall crossflow angle, and a few velocity and shear stress profiles are compared with available measurements. The results demonstrate that the calculation procedure is general and economic and that the &-e turbulence model involving the assumption of an isotropic eddy viscosity provides reasonable predictions for the quantities of engineering interest.