This article begins by providing a brief overview of the city of Coalinga, California, specifically the development of its soft water supply. Due to the high cost of soft water and the inconvenience of handling it by tank car, the city decided to build a demineralization plant. Construction costs and contract details are provided, along with a discussion of demineralization equipment and the electrodialysis process, power costs, filter life and deposition problems, and detailed operating costs.
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Cary et al. (1960) studied this question.