Resolving the Puzzle of Ferrofluid Dispersants

Oleic acid and stearic acid are similar surfactants which, however, lead respectively to stability and to precipitation of ferrofluid suspensions: to understand this, the forces between layers of oleic-like surfactants and between layers of stearic-like surfactants across a hexadecane (HD) medium were measured using a surface force balance (SFB). Separate measurements reveal that only the oleic layers are solvated by HD, while the SFB results reveal that for both surfactants a marked net attraction is present between the surfaces. Simple considerations based on these observations explain why, despite this attraction, ferrofluid dispersions are stabilized by oleic but not by stearic surfactants.