Sustainable Carbon Management in India: Evaluating CO2-EOR and Sequestration Potential in the Viraj Oilfield for Climate Resilience

At COP26 (Glasgow, 2021), India announced an updated climate pledge (Panchamrit): reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 45% by 2030 (relative to 2005), target about 50% cumulative electric-power capacity from non-fossil resources (and ~ 500 GW non-fossil capacity) by 2030, and achieve net-zero emissions by 2070. Hence, putting the exhausted oil and gas fields into use for carbon sequestration will play a crucial role. In this paper, an overview of the CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) potential of one particular oilfield (Viraj), through an analysis of relevant geological, petrophysical and techno-economic parameters, is described in order to proffer a sustainable solution for carbon management. The high porosity, high-permeability sand reservoirs within the field provide an ideal environment for CO2 injection and storage, especially through CO2-EOR. The field has strong caprock integrity and suitable pressure and temperature conditions for CO2 to be stored in a supercritical state, enhancing both storage efficiency and oil recovery. Our estimates suggest a CO2 storage capacity of around 3.568 MMt, which could play a significant role in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels. The dual benefits of CO2-EOR—boosting oil recovery while sequestering CO2 are highlighted. Additionally, we have carried out the techno-economic analysis, which points to the cost-effective options for CO2 storage and EOR, supported by the field’s proximity to CO2 sources and existing infrastructure. The study advocates that strong regulatory frameworks are key to CCS and EOR projects, while strategic investments and community involvement also play a crucial role in these projects, which align with India’s Paris Agreement commitments supporting sustainable development and climate resilience.