Effects of Amino Acid φ,ψ Propensities and Secondary Structure Interactions in Modulating Hα Chemical Shifts in Peptide and Protein β-Sheet

H alpha chemical shifts are often used as indicators of secondary structure formation in protein structural analysis and peptide folding studies. On the basis of NMR analysis of model beta-sheet and alpha-helical peptides, together with a statistical analysis of protein structures for which NMR data are available, we show that although the gross pattern of H alpha chemical shifts reflects backbone torsion angles, longer range effects from distant amino acids are the dominant factor determining experimental chemical shifts in beta-sheets of peptides and proteins. These show context-dependent variations that aid structural assignment and highlight anomalous shifts that may be of structural significance and provide insights into beta-sheet stability.