Improved hole injection for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using solution deposited tin oxide nano-particles decorated ITO anodes

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Blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) were fabricated with tin oxide (SnO x ) nano-particles (NPs) deposited at the ITO anode to improve their electrical and optical performances. SnO x NPs helped ITO to increase the work function enhancing hole injection capability. Charge balance of the device was achieved using p- and n-type mixed host materials in emissive layer and the devices’ luminance and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased about nearly 30%. Tuning the work function using solution processed NPs allows rapid optimization of device efficiency.