Landscape process domains drive patterns of CO₂ evasion from river networks

Streams are important emitters of CO 2 but extreme spatial variability in their physical properties can make upscaling very uncertain. Here, we determined critical drivers of stream CO 2 evasion at scales from 30 to 400 m across a 52.5 km 2 catchment in northern Sweden. We found that turbulent reaches never have elevated CO 2 concentrations, while less turbulent locations can potentially support a broad range of CO 2 concentrations, consistent with global observations. The predictability of stream p CO 2 is greatly improved when we include a proxy for soil‐stream connectivity. Catchment topography shapes network patterns of evasion by creating hydrologically linked “domains” characterized by high water‐atmosphere exchange and/or strong soil‐stream connection. This template generates spatial variability in the drivers of CO 2 evasion that can strongly bias regional and global estimates. To overcome this complexity, we provide the foundations of a mechanistic framework of CO 2 evasion by considering how landscape process domains regulate transfer and supply.