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Partners in Flight (PIF) is a coalition of federal, state, and local government agencies; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); philanthropic foundations; and industry that is working to conserve the birds of the Western Hemisphere.PIF was launched in 1990 in response to growing concerns about declines in the populations of many landbirds, and to spearhead the conservation of birds not covered by existing initiatives, such
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Beissinger et al. (2000) studied this question.
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