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The internal friction of BaTiO 3 ceramics has been studied under various conditions. It depends on temperature, biasing field and vibration amplitude, but is nearly independent of frequency and porosity. It is concluded that its main part is not caused by the ceramic and domain structures but is the property of the single domain crystal, which is of intrinsically dielectric origin, acting through piezoelectric coupling.
T. Ikeda (1958) studied this question.