Biomechanical–Structural Correlation of Chordae tendineae in Animal Models: A Pilot Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Static tensile test: (A)—Zwick/ROell EPZ 005 testing machine, (B)—the specimen clamping, (C)—a digital specimen parameterization; papillary muscle is at the top and valve part is at the bottom.

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  Figure 2. Example of a strain–stress ratio curve in one CT from a dog suffering from MMVD.

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  Figure 3. Comparison of the strain–stress ratio curve in healthy and degenerated CT.

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  Figure 4. The mean and standard deviation of the stress values in the mitral valve CT and the tricuspid valve CT of dogs.

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  Figure 5. The microscopic examination of Chordae tendineae from normal and diseased mitral valves. (A) Normal chorda tendinea from pig; HE stain; magnification 40×. (B) Normal chorda tendinea from a dog; HE stain; magnification 200×. (C) Altered chorda tendinea from dog suffering from mitral valve disease—disarrangement in the filaments is visible; HE stain; magnification 100×. The left side of each figure is the attachment point to the valve, the right side is that to the papillary muscle.

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  Figure 6. (A) Altered chorda tendinea from dog suffering from mitral valve disesase—disarrangement in collagen filaments is visible; Masson–Goldner trichrome stain; magnification 200×. (B) Altered chorda tendinea from dog suffering from mitral valve disesase—disarrangement and absence of elastic filaments in some parts of the tissue is visible; elastic red–picrosirius stain; magnification 200×. The orientation is the same as in Figure 5.

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  Figure 7. Microscopic examination of a ruptured chorda tendinea from a dog. A severe disarrangement of filaments is visible. HE stain; magnification 200×. Valve side is at the bottom of Figure, while the papillary muscle part is at the top.

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  Figure 8. Ruptured Chordae tendineae. (A) elastic red–picrosirius stain; magnification 400×. (B) (magnification 200×) and (C) (400×) Masson–Goldner trichrome stain. The valve part is at the left and papillary muscle part at the right of each Figure.