Update and reassessment of the Miocene carpological flora from the Turów open pit mine of SW Poland and its palaeoenvironmental implications

One of the largest and best known, but never completely investigated, fossil carpological floras of the Zittau Basin is revised. The list of revised taxa is supplemented with materials left by H. Czeczott and her team, and newly collected specimens. New combinations are proposed for four species. On the basis of taxa obtained and their location in the geological profile, Turów floras are assigned to two biostratigraphic stages of the Lower Miocene. The Integrated Plant Record vegetation analysis indicates domination of zonal broad-leaved evergreen forest in most studied fossil assemblages from Turów open pit mine (SW Poland). The palaeoclimate reconstruction using the Coexistence Approach method reveals MAT 17–22°C and MAP 1200–1600 mm for most floristic levels. The obtained palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate parameters correspond with those of other coeval floras of the Zittau Basin and Lusatia.