Observational study highlights elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1β in bacterial meningitis, indicating its promise for predicting clinical treatment response.
Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that occurs in response to infection with bacteria and/or bacterial products. Bacteria require access to the meninges to cause meningitis. There are several mechanisms for entry. Bacteraemia can result in bacteria crossing the blood-brain barrier. This can only be accomplished by certain bacteria, most notably N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae. Direct extension of otitis media or sinusitis to the central nervous system (CNS) may also occur. Fever, neck stiffness, headache, vomiting, photophobia, blurring vision, convulsions and altered mental status are the most predominant symptoms for bacterial meningitis. A physical exam may reveal nuchal rigidity or positive Kernig's or Brudzinski's signs. CSF analysis is the main diagnostic test for meningitis. Certain cytokines may contribute to the sequence of events that lead to meningeal inflammation in bacterial meningitis.Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is the main cytokine. High levels of IL-1β can occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute infection of the central nervous system (CNS).
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