Allosteric regulation of protein function occurs when the regulatory trigger, such as the binding of a small-molecule effector or inhibitor, takes place some distance from the protein's, or protein complex's, active site. This distance can be a few A, or tens of A. Many proteins are regulated in this way and exhibit a variety of allosteric mechanisms. Here we review how analyses of experimentally determined models of protein 3D structures, using either X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, have revealed some of the mechanisms involved.
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Laskowski et al. (2009) studied this question.
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