Behavioural implications of intensive animal husbandry

It has been known for some time—from observations in zoological gardens and from experimental studies—that the behaviour of animals is affected by the size of group and by the population density. The significance of social hierarchy in these manifestations has also been repeatedly demonstrated in wild, in captive and in domesticated animals. This field of investigation is becoming increasingly important in animal husbandry as production systems become progressively intensified.