Vaginal microflora in women with infertility: current concepts and research prospects

The vaginal microflora plays a key role in maintaining a woman’s reproductive health. A violation of its composition, known as dysbiosis, can lead to the development of inflammatory processes, infections and infertility. This article examines current data on the role of vaginal microflora in the pathogenesis of infertility, including the mechanisms of dysbiosis’ influence on fertility, embryo implantation, and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Special attention is paid to the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, which can cause structural and functional disorders of the reproductive system. Modern methods for the diagnosis and correction of vaginal dysbiosis, including the use of antibiotics, probiotics, and personalized approaches, are also discussed. The article highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of interaction between the microbiota and reproductive health, which may contribute to the development of new strategies for infertility treatment.