Previously, the combination of reduced rate of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and fungus caused additive or synergistic mortality to third-instar black vine weevil (BVW), Otiorhynchus sulcatus. In this study, we examined this interaction in unheated glasshouses during winter and compared a combination of commercial formulation of a cold-tolerant EPN, S. kraussei (Nemasys L™) and fungus Metarhizium anisopliae strain V275 against overwintering third-instar BVW. The combination of M. anisopliae with S. kraussei at a rate of 1×1010 conidia+250,000 nematodes/growbag resulted in additive or synergistic effects, providing 100% control of overwintering larvae.
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Ansari et al. (2009) studied this question.
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