A switched parasitic monopole antenna on a finite ground structure with a conductive sleeve attached to a small, circular ground plane controls the vertical radiation direction. The antenna was designed using a genetic algorithm and finite element (FEM) solver. At 1.575 GHz, the constructed antenna exhibited a front to back ratio of 10.7 dB and gain of 6.4 dBi with no elevation from the horizontal. The switched parasitic nature of the antenna allowed it to steer a directional beam through 5 locations in the azimuth. Incremented from 0/spl lambda/ to 0.45/spl lambda/, the sleeve was observed to linearly depress the main lobe elevation with little influence on other antenna characteristics such as gain and S/sub 11/.
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Schlub et al. (2004) studied this question.
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