Characterisation of functionally graded and VC/steel surface alloyed composites produced using powder metallurgy

In this study, low carbon steel specimens with surface alloyed composites were produced by means of powder metallurgy. Vanadium carbide, graphite (1·2 wt-%) and Fe were used for the surface alloyed composite, while Fe and graphite (0·2 wt-%) were used for the low carbon steel side. The powder mixtures were compacted together in the same mould. On the surface alloyed side the vanadium carbide content was changed from 5 to 25 wt-%. Microstructural investigations including EDX and X-ray, hardness measurement and abrasive wear tests were performed. The results showed that V8C7 formed in the alloyed surface and carbon diffusion from the alloyed surface to the parent metal created a functionally graded material. The hardness values decreased towards the parent metal. Wear resistance increased as the vanadium carbide increased in the surface alloyed composite. Thus, a functionally graded steel having a surface composite that is resistant to abrasive wear can be obtained via the powder metallurgy route.