Bar Yield Penetration in Monotonically Loaded Anchorages

The implications that bar softening has on the design of anchorages in earthquake‐resistant concrete structures are considered. A relatively simple one‐dimensional finite‐element formulation is developed to model the response of anchorages under monotonic displacement control to failure. Resistance mechanisms for the cases with and without bar yield are compared and a rationale is presented to determine the terminal depth of yield penetration. Critical anchorage conditions are examined to establish anticipated demand levels in earthquake‐resisting structures. A parametric study of the sensitivity of anchorage performance to confinement conditions, postyield characteristics of reinforcement, bar size, and available development length was made using the analytical formulation. Trends in performance of yielding anchorages with the variables considered provide information useful for extending design standards.