The 90‐Second Collaboration: A Critical Study of Collaboration Exercises at Extensive Accident Sites

In this study, a critical examination of collaboration, focusing on the alternatives, is carried out. The study is based on empirical data from four inter‐organizational exercises involving ambulance police and fire departments. We studied collaboration between the three organizations, from the arrival of the first units, until the mission was completed. It was found that collaboration was practiced to a relatively small degree, and that it primarily took place due to understaffing. In summary, the different organizational phenomena are sorted on a scale of stability vs. change. The result of the study shows that the organizations observed strive for stability, preferring repeated and well‐known behaviour.