Correlation of topography measurements of NIST SRM 2460 standard bullets by four techniques

Three optical instruments including an interferometric microscope, a Nipkow disc confocal microscope and a laser scanning confocal microscope and a stylus instrument are used for the measurements of bullet profile signatures of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460 standard bullet. The two-dimensional profile signatures are compared with the virtual bullet standard signature established by the same stylus instrument. The bullet signature differences are quantified by the maximum cross-correlation function CCF max . If the compared signatures were exactly the same, CCF max would be 100%. Comparison results show close agreement among the four techniques for bullet profile signature measurements. The average CCF max values are higher than 90%. This supports the possibility of using surface topography techniques for ballistic identifications as an alternative to the current technology based on image comparisons.