A fter introduction of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) by neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in clinical anaesthesia in 1946 (1), Beecher and Todd (2) firstly reported in 1954 that the risk of death related to anaesthesia was six times higher in patients receiving NMBAs compared to those applicated no muscle relaxants. Further studies demonstrated that postoperative residual curarisation (PORC), defined as a train-of-four ratio (TOFR) <0.9, is one of the main causes of postoperative pulmonary complications (POPCs), hypoxia, upper airway obstruction and delayed recovery, which increase the risk of tracheal re-intubation, coma and long-term mortality (3-13).
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Christoph Unterbuchner (2018) studied this question.
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