Cytotoxic effect of famotidine in breast adenocarcinoma cells line

B reast cancer continues to represent a major global health burden and remains one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies among women [1].Standard treatment modalities include surgery, such as breast-conserving procedures or mastectomy, often followed by radiation therapy to minimize local recurrence [2].Standard management typically involves a multimodal strategy, including surgical intervention, radiotherapy to reduce locoregional recurrence, and systemic treatments such as endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted biological agents [3].Given the complexity of breast cancer, continued research into novel anti-cancer agents is essential to improve treatment outcomes and provide more effective, personalised therapies with fewer side effects.Famotidine, a histamine H-receptor antagonist primarily used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux, has shown biological properties beyond its conventional indications [4].Recent studies suggest that H-receptor antagonists may affect tumor biology through various mechanisms, including modula-ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide.Famotidine, a histamine H 2 -receptor antagonist commonly prescribed for gastric conditions, has demonstrated potential anticancer effects through mechanisms unrelated to acid suppression.The study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic of famotidine on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF)-7 cell line through in vitro assays.METHODS: MCF-7 cells were treated with varying concentrations of famotidine (0.364-20 mg/mL) for 24 hours.Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using the MTT assay and Live/Dead fluorescence staining.Morphological changes were evaluated under phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy.The statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA statistical analysis. RESULTS:Famotidine treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability.Higher concentrations (5 mg/mL) led to substantial cytotoxicity, with viability falling below 20%.Live/Dead assays confirmed these results, showing increased red (dead cell) fluorescence at higher doses.Morphological analysis revealed change in cell morphology which is consistent with non-specific cytotoxic injury. CONCLUSION:Famotidine exhibits physiologically cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro.