The instrument is an application to camera lens testing of the principles of an earlier instrument described in the Philosophical Magazine , but it differs from the lens interferometer there described in that the camera lenses can be tested for oblique pencils. The instrument gives aberrations in the form of an interference picture (that can be photographed), which is a contour map of the aberrations of wave front expressed in wave lengths of light in comparison with the wave front of a perfect camera lens.
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F. Twyman (1921) studied this question.