An evaluation on the effects of the Adequate Public Facility Ordinance (APFO) has been conducted on new residential development in Howard County, Maryland. APFO has been used in some counties in Maryland in order to implement smart growth initiatives as the city is one of the fastest growing places in the US. In order to have an insight to the APFO, modern matching techniques has been used. A matching estimator has been used and the evaluation used a unique dataset for Howard County, Maryland. A class of estimators known as propensity score-matching estimators has been utilized. It was found that the APFO policy slowed new development in the two years after it has been enacted, or equivalent to about 355 new housing units.
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Bento et al. (2007) studied this question.
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