Negative Regulators of the Host Response in Sepsis

The inflammatory response of the innate immune system to invading pathogen is complex and requires precise regulation in order to eradicate the organism while protecting the surrounding host tissues. Two main signal transduction pathways, the NF-B and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, are activated by the invading pathogens requiring a set of negative regulatory processes once the pathogen is eradicated. In this review we focus on three key negative regulatory processes: intracellular inhibitors, regulatory phosphatases and epigenetic mechanisms.