Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children 1 . Pediatric patients with disease refractory to last chemotherapy, relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT), or second or further relapse have a particularly poor prognosis 2 . Intensive chemotherapy followed by alloHSCT after achieving remission can result in cure for some patients. However, survival is still low with this approach 3 . Thus, additional treatment modalities with acceptable toxicity are needed to improve long-term survival.
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Gore et al. (2018) studied this question.
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