Using Gravitational Search Algorithm for Finding Near-optimal Base Station Location in Two-Tiered WSNs

In designing the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the main issue is limited resource for each sensor. Hence, offering ways to optimize energy consumption in WSNs which eventually increases the network lifetime is strongly felt. In this paper, a Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is proposed for finding nearly optimal Base Station (BS) location in two-tiered heterogeneous WSNs, where Application Nodes (ANs) may own different data transmission rates, initial energies and parameter values. Experimental results and comparisons with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Exhaustive Grid Search show the appropriate performance of our proposed approach.