High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells having nonvolatile electrolytes are desired. We found that photovoltaic performance increased when water was added into nonvolatile organic molten salts in the presence of both LiI and tert-butylpyridine. We achieved 4.2% energy-conversion efficiency for the 1 cm2 cell containing the above electrolyte (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) without other volatile organic solvents.
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Mikoshiba et al. (2002) studied this question.
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