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A polymer-based planar-lightwave-circuit-type variable optical attenuator (VOA) was fabricated using a hot embossing process. With an optimized one-step embossing process, forty micro-channels for the guidance of light were defined on a polymer thin film with an accuracy of ° 0.5 µm. The fabricated polymeric thermo-optic VOA shows 30 dB attenuation with 110 mW electrical input power at 1.55 µm. The rise and fall times are less than 5 ms.
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Kim et al. (2005) studied this question.
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