Sonoluminescence (SL) originating from a dual-frequency ultrasound system, in water and in the presence of certain water-soluble solutes, was investigated. The ultrasound arrangement consisted of a 20-kHz horn, vertically opposing a high-frequency transducer operating at 355 or 1056 kHz. It was found that the power setting of the high frequency sensitively determined the SL yield of the dual-frequency system. A significant synergy effect was observed at low power, while at high power the dual-frequency mode attenuated the SL signal. Additives representing three different classes of solutes, namely, surfactants, alcohols, and polymers, were studied, with respect to their effect on the intensity of SL. The results obtained reinforce those from previous single-frequency studies, while simultaneously providing some insight into cavitation under dual-frequency conditions. It was demonstrated that the synergy effect of dual-frequency ultrasound on SL observed in water could be further enhanced in the presence of these solutes.
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Brotchie et al. (2007) studied this question.
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