The metal dusting resistance of various high alloy steels was tested by exposures of specimens in different surface states at temperatures in the range 500 – 650°C. In addition surface analytical studies (AES) were conducted on the initial stages of oxide formation and the oxide layer after long term exposure under metal dusting conditions. The factors leading to a protective, Cr-rich oxide layer were elucidated and are summarized here.
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Grabke et al. (1998) studied this question.