Intrapericardial injection of hydrogels with ASC and their secretome to treat dilated cardiomyopathies

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Study design.

• 

  Fig. 2. Cardiac function. (A) Ejection fraction. Two-Way ANOVA, p = 0.0008. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test vs. saline group. (B) Cardiac work efficiency. Two-Way ANOVA, p = 0.003. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli comparisons test vs. saline group. Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; Gel, n = 5; Gel + ASC/CMed, n = 5.

• 

  Fig. 3. Preload maneuver. (A) Representative pressure-volume loop in response to preload maneuver. (B) Preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW). Kruskal–Wallis: p = 0.005. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test vs. saline group. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test vs. saline group. Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; Gel, n = 5; Gel + ASC/CMed, n = 5.

• 

  Fig. 4. Cardiac interstitial fibrosis. (A) Representative images of Picrosirius red staining. (B) Quantification of collagen area fraction (%). Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; Gel, n = 5; Gel + ASC/CMed, n = 6. Kruskal–Wallis: p = 0.016. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test vs. saline group.

• 

  Fig. 5. Cardiac remodeling. (A) Representative images of the cross-sectioned hearts stained with Movat’s stain. (B) Area of the left ventricle chamber. Kruskal–Wallis: p = 0.063. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test vs. saline group. (C) Left Ventricle wall thickness. Kruskal Wallis: p = 0.092. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test vs. saline group. Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; Gel, n = 5; Gel + ASC/CMed, n = 6.

• 

  Fig. 6. Apoptosis, mitophagy, and autophagy. (A) Quantification of cleaved caspase-3 expression (area %). Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; gel, n = 5; gel + ASC/CMed, n = 6. Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.418. (B) Quantification of BCL2 expression (area %). Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; gel, n = 5; gel + ASC/CMed, n = 6. Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.118. (C) Quantification of mitophagy by the expression of PINK1 marker (area %). Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; gel, n = 5; ASC/CMed, n = 6. Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.0275. (D) Quantification of autophagy by the expression of ULK1 marker (area %). Numbers analysed: naive, n = 6; saline, n = 6; gel, n = 5; gel + ASC/CMed, n = 6. Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.06. P-value for Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test vs. saline group.

• 

  Fig. 7. Representative images of the pericardial region of hearts stained with ED1 (macrophage) marker. Macrophages are shown in light brown. The red dotted line represents the transition between the myocardial (lower part) and pericardial (upper part) layers.